3.5 great scientists english workshop 9th | 9vi English Guide Pdf

Workshop Class 9 English 3.5 Great Scientists। Question answer 3.5 great scientists

 

ENGLISH WORKSHOP

 

1. Write what is implied in the following sentences.

(a) But few know his inspirational life story, which is all about courage and fighting against the odds.

(What does it tell you about Faraday's life?)

Ans. 

            Faraday was born in a poverty-stricken family, suffered from a speech defect as a child, had to start working at the age of thirteen. Poor Faraday had to struggle hard against all odds because he had no social status, no money and no education. Even then he toiled hard and achieved a great success after all his difficulties.

 

(b) Even then Davy did not have much hope for Faraday.

(What do the words 'even then' suggest?)

Ans:

            Faraday wanted to be a great scientist. But Davy dismissed all his aspirations in the field of science. He made Faraday his secretary then his lab assistant. Faraday worked day and night and learnt about Davy's experiments. Even after doing such hard work and getting knowledge and experience Davy was not hopeful about Faraday's scientific career, because of his social status and education.

 

(c) People started telling Davy that of all his discoveries, the best was Faraday himself.

(What does it suggest about Davy's work?)

Ans:

            Humphry Davy was a renowned chemist who made many discoveries about chemicals and electrical lighting. Faraday wanted Davy to become his mentor but Davy never believed in Faraday's ability and always tried to keep him away from the experiments he was doing. Davy became jealous of Faraday when he became a celebrity scientist overnight. But Faraday did not receive recognition for his success from Davy. So people started telling Davy that Faraday himself was his best discovery.

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2. Break the passage into convenient smaller sections. Give sub-headings or titles to each section.

 

3. List the different gadgets and instruments mentioned in the passage. Find more information about at least 3 of them, using the internet.

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4. Find out more about the following scientists with the help of the internet.

(a) Michael Faraday

(b) Humphry Davy

(c) Thomas Edison

(d) James Maxwell

Ans:

(a) Michael Faraday 

            Michael Faraday (1791–1867) was a brilliant English scientist who rose from humble beginnings as a bookbinder's apprentice to become one of history's greatest experimentalists. Despite having little formal education, he educated himself by reading books he bound. He eventually became an assistant to Sir Humphry Davy at the Royal Institution. Faraday is best known for his discoveries in electromagnetism and electrochemistry. His work on electromagnetic induction, the magnetic field, and electrolysis laid the foundation for the electric motor and the dynamo. He also discovered benzene. He was known for his excellent public lectures and refused a knighthood, preferring to remain "plain Mr. Faraday."

(b) Humphry Davy Sir 

            Humphry Davy (1778–1829) was a pioneering British chemist and inventor. He is famous for discovering several chemical elements, including sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, barium, and boron, largely through the new field of electrochemistry. Davy was a charismatic speaker and became the President of the Royal Society. One of his most practical contributions was the invention of the "Davy lamp," a safety lamp for miners that prevented explosions caused by methane gas. While he was a celebrated scientist in his own right, he is also often remembered for mentoring Michael Faraday, sometimes jokingly referred to as his "greatest discovery."

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(c) Thomas Edison 

            Thomas Alva Edison (1847–1931) was an American inventor often called "The Wizard of Menlo Park." He is one of the most prolific inventors in history, holding 1,093 US patents. Edison developed devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and the practical, long-lasting electric light bulb. He established the first industrial research laboratory, applying the principles of mass production and teamwork to the process of invention. Despite suffering from severe hearing loss from a young age, Edison worked tirelessly, famously stating that genius is "one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration."

(d) James Clerk Maxwell 

            James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879) was a Scottish physicist whose work is considered as significant as that of Newton and Einstein. He is best known for formulating the classical theory of electromagnetic radiation, bringing together electricity, magnetism, and light as different manifestations of the same phenomenon. His famous "Maxwell's equations" predicted the existence of radio waves. He also made major contributions to the kinetic theory of gases (Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution) and produced the first durable color photograph. His theoretical work paved the way for modern physics, including quantum mechanics and Einstein's theory of relativity.

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INVESTIONS

 

(a) Think of as many examples of the following as you can within five minutes and write them in the appropriate column.

Ans:

Type of machine	Examples
Simple machines that are operated by hand	Screw driver, pincers, auger chisel, drill machine, spanner, etc.
Machines that run on electricity	electric motor, fan, air conditioner, hair drier, geyser, mixer, oven, etc.
Electronic devices	laptops, Mobile phones, tablets, computer, speakers, etc.

 

+ Choose any one machine or device and prepare a short note about it. It should include

·       The structure of the device

·       How it works (functions)

·       A labelled diagram

·       One or two lines about when and how it evolved.

Ans:  

Note On Fan

            A fan is a machine/device used to create flow within fluid, typically a gas such as air. The fan consists of a rotating arrangement of blades that act on air concentrating the flow of air in one direction. The rotating assembly of blades and motor is known as rotor. Fans are powered by electricity.

The 'hath punkha' was used in India around 500 BC. It was handheld fan made of bamboo. These fan evolved after centuries to the fans, we see today in our homes.

WARMING UP

 

1) What would you like to learn about in your Science period?

Ans:

        I would like to learn about our Solar system, water cycle, micro-organism, recycling old material, machines, astrophysics, etc.

2) Have you ever tried to do an experiment on your own? If yes, tell me about it. If no, tell me why you've never tried.

Ans:

            Yes, I lighted a bulb using a potato.

3) What would you like to learn about in your English classes?

Ans:

I would like to learn how to converse fluently in English, writing stories and good essays.

(b) Write as many uses of the following as you can. Form groups of four. Compare your lists. Make a long list by putting together the lists of all members.

(a) A cloth bag

(c) a glass bottle or jar

(e) a thick string or rope

(b) a wicker basket

(d) a steel bowl

Ans:

(a) a cloth bag : to carry things, for keeping clothes, shopping, using instead of paper bags, etc.

(b) a wicker basket : for keeping fruits, grains, carrying and selling vegetables, fruits, fish, etc.

(c) a glass bottle or jar : for keeping jam, liquids, juice, pickles, water for drinking, for medicine, kerosene, storing liquids, etc.

(d) a steel bowl : to keep eatables while eating, for drinking medicine, while serving curry, dal, shrikhand, aamras, etc.

(e) a thick string or rope : to tie things, to play, to hold things together, used in adventure sports like trekking, mountaineering, etc., to tether cattle.

·       Before you read further, guess what the passage is about.

Ans: The passage is about the great scientists and their qualities.

 

·       What were the odds against Faraday in his childhood?

Ans. 

            Faraday faced many odds as a child. He was born in a very poor family and lived in a dirty London Suburb. He suffered from a speech defect, so much that other children laughed on his pronounciations. At the age of twelve he was forced to leave his school and it was the end of his formal education. At the age of thirteen he had to take up working as a bookbinder for a living.

 

(1) What is the meaning of the following sentences:

(a) Reading became his obsession.

Ans: Faraday's mind was completely filled with thoughts of reading and he did not think of anything else other than reading.

 

(b) Electricity became his lifelong fascination.

Ans:  Electricity became Faraday's very strong attraction; lasting all through his life.

(2) Write two compound words from the passage:

Example: bookbinder

Ans:  (1) poverty-stricken (2) lifelong

 

THINK AND ANSWER

 

+ Why do you think Faraday's friend gave him a free ticket to Davy's programme?

Ans. 

            I think, the friend knew that Faraday was poor and could not afford to buy a ticket for such a big programme. He also must be knowing about Faraday's fascination about the subject of electricity, and that would be a great opportunity for him to attend the lecture of the renowned scientist Humphry Davy's work on the subject chemicals and electrical lighting.

 

FIND THE ANSWER ON THIS PAGE:

+ What was the subject of Davy's lecture?

Ans:

Davy’s lecture was about the mysterious force of electric fluid.

 

+ What actions and thoughts of Faraday show that he was inspired by Davy?

Ans:

            Faraday took notes of Davy's lecture on 'mysterious force of electric fluid comprehensively.

            He bound them into a book for giving a gift to Davy someday. From that day he thought of becoming a great scientist and to write his own books. Davy became his role model. He wanted Davy to become his mentor. Though, Davy did not agree, Faraday was not unhappy and disappointed and just kept trying to get his favour.

Why did Davy choose Faraday as his secretary ?

Ans:

        Davy decided to hire faraday as his secretary because a chemical explosion had temporarily blinded Davy.

 

Was Davy fair in his treatment of Faraday?

Ans:

            Davy definitely was not fair in his treatment of Faraday. But Faraday was not deterred and was relentless. He continued working hard day and night to learn as much as he could about Davy's experiments. Though his work was cleaning the labs, Faraday considered himself lucky to get to see some of Davy's experiments.

How did Faraday respond to that treatment?

Ans:

            Faraday was not deterred and was relentless. He continued working hard day and night to learn as much as he could about Davy's experiments. Though his work was cleaning the labs, Faraday considered himself lucky to get to see some of Davy's experiments.

+ What happens when an electric current is applied to a wire?

Ans:

            When an electric current is applied to a wire, it causes that wire to behave like a magnet and the forces are connected.

An induction motor is a commonly used eletrical machine. What examples of its use are given here?

Ans:

           The induction motor is used in fans, air conditioning, sewing machines, photographs,

 

GIVE ONE EXAMPLE EACH TO SHOW THAT

 

(a) Faraday was a good pupil.

Ans.

                Faraday respected Davy even though he was jealous of Faraday. Davy gave him an impossible task to reverse engineer the Bavarian glass but Faraday accepted the assignment despite knowing that it would be very difficult. This shows that Faraday was a good pupil.

 

(b) Davy was not a good mentor.

Ans.

                Davy was jealous of his pupil's achievement and never helped him in his difficulties. He gave Faraday an impossible task to keep him out of his way. He knew that with the equipment available in the lab, Faraday would never be able to accomplish the task. He wanted to enjoy his pupil's failure. This shows that Davy was not a good mentor.

 

THINK ABOUT IT

 

Faraday kept a souvenir of his failure as a source of inspiration.

Ans:

 

Write the idea behind an electrical generator.

Ans:

                Faraday noticed that if he moved a magnet, it could produce electrical current. This gave Faraday an idea to convert motion into electricity. The idea of an electrical generator came into existence on that principle, that is still used today to generate all kinds of power.

 

Why were Faraday's drawings not accepted? Does it mean they were wrong?

Ans:

                Faraday did not know advanced mathematics. So he made hundreds of the iron filing patterns (drawings). But he could not explain them in the form of mathematical equations and the drawings were without equations. So they were not accepted. It doesn't mean that they were wrong. Further, when Maxwell translated his ideas and drawings into a set of equations, they were proved right.

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LANGUAGE STUDY

5. Find the following matter in the passage and copy the missing words.

(a) When he was twelve, .................. school.

Ans: When he was twelve, his mother was forced to take him out of school.

 

(b) One day he came across a book on ............... .

Ans: One day he came across a book on electricity which had been sent to his master for binding.

 

(c) Faraday decided that ............... scientist.

Ans: Faraday decided that day that he wanted to be a great scientist

 

(d) Davy never believed................... science.

Ans: Davy never believed Faraday could do anything in the field of science.

 

(e) People started telling Davy that ...................... discoveries……

Ans:  People started telling Davy that of all his discoveries, the best was Faraday himself, this made him even more jealous.

 

(f) He handed him a piece of Bavarian glass, which................ microscopes,…….

Ans: He handed him a piece of Bavarian glass, which was used in the lenses in telescopes and microscopes, and asked him to reverse engineer it.

(g) He went on to prove that ....................... filings;

Ans: He went on to prove that these patterns were not a property of the iron filings.

 

(h) It was Maxwell who .................. equations ....

Ans: It was Maxwell who translated Faraday's idea into a set of equations that are now called Maxwell's equations.

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6. Now complete the following sentences using your own words.

(a) When he was twelve, ................... .

Ans: When he was twelve, he took lessons in martial arts.

(b) One day he came across a book on ..............................

Ans: One day he came across a book on 'How to make friends'.

(c) He decided that ......................... .

Ans: He decided that he would dedicate his life to the study of science.

(d) He never believed ............................ .

Ans: He never believed that an uneducated bookbinder could become such a great scientist.

(e) People started telling ................. that ...........

Ans: People started telling Davy that Faraday’s discoveries were becoming more important than his own.

(f) He handed him................ which .......... .

Ans: He handed him a piece of Bavarian glass which was intended to be used for improving microscopes.

(g) He went on to prove that.............. .

Ans: He went on to prove that these patterns were not a property of the iron filings.

 

(h) It was ........... who ....

Ans: It was Maxwell who translated Faraday’s idea into a set of equations that are now called Maxwell’s equations.

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